Pachinko
A game studies perspective
Mots-clés :
jeu vidéo, pachinko, collection, arcade, pinballRésumé
Like the film critic Donald Richie, most Westerners visitors to Japan who notice pachinko are overwhelmed by it. Roland Barthes, in his book on Japan, Empire of Signs, devotes a short chapter to this “collective and solitary game.” (Barthes, 1982, p. 27) Once you notice pachinko you discover parlours everywhere occupying the prime real-estate at the intersections of major thoroughfares in Japanese cities. These parlours have large and glittery entrances inviting you into a space of play unlike the arcades. You are assaulted by the noise of thousands of steel balls falling through pins, and the grey smell of cigarettes burning in the small ashtrays at each console. You walk down rows of brightly decorated vertical consoles, careful not to trip on the trays of shiny balls won by players, and young aides greet you politely while you try to figure out this popular game.
Références
- (n.d.), "History of Pachinko", Pachinko Planet, Retrieved August 7, 2012, from <http://pachinkoplanet.com/zencart/index.php?main_page=page&id=2&chapter=2>. AZUMA H. (2009), Otaku, Japan's Database Animals, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.
BARTHES R. (1982), Empire of Signs, New York, Hill and Wang.
BROOKS G., ELLIS T. et al. (2008), "Pachinko: A Japanese Addiction?", International Gambling Studies, 8:2, p. 193-205.
CAILLOIS R. (1961), Man, Play, and Games, New York, The Free Press.
COUNDRY I. (2009), "Anime Creativity: Characters and Premises in the Quest for Cool Japan", Theory Culture Society, 26:2-3, p. 139-163.
DOWNLING N., SMITH D., et al. (2005), "Electronic gaming machines: are they the 'crack- cocaine' of gambling?", Addiction, 100, p. 33-45.
ELLIS J. (n.d.), “What are the Different Types of Pachinko Machines?”, wiseGEEK, Edited by Bronwyn Harris, Retrieved August 7, 2012, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are- the-different-types-of-pachinko-machines.htm
HIRANO K. & TAKAHASHI K. (2003), "Trends of Japan's Giant Leisure Industry: Pachinko", UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 7:2, p. 55-56.
ICHIHARA K. (2004), "The Store Format Systems and the Operational Variables for Effective Strategy in Competitive Pachinko-Hall Business: How to Obtain the Patronage and to Survive in the Full-Grown Market", Bulletin of Tokai Gakuen University, 9, p. 61-94. Japan Productivity Centre (2013), White Paper on Leisure 2013, Japan Productivity Centre, Tokyo.
JOHNSON DAVID T. (2003), "Above the Law? Police Integrity in Japan", Social Science Japan Journal, 6:1, p. 19-37.
MANZENREITER W. (1998), “Time, Space, and Money: Cultural Dimensions of the Pachinko Game”, The Culture of Japan as Seen Through Its Leisure, S. Linhart and S. Frühstück (ed.), Albany, NY, State University of New York Press, p. 359-381.
NAITO Y. (2000), "The Power of 20 Trillion Yen: the Anatomy of the Pachinko Industry", Nara University of Commerce, p. 55-60.
PLOTZ D. (n.d.), "Pachinko Nation", Japan Society, Retrieved August 6th, 2012, from http://www.japansociety.org/pachinko_nation
RICHIE D. (1992), “Pachinko”, A Lateral View: Essays on Culture and Style in Contemporary Japan, Berkeley, Stone Bridge Press, p. 226-235.
SIBBITT ERIC C. (1997), “Regulating Gambling in the Shadow of the Law: Form and Substance in the Regulation of Japan's Pachinko Industry”, Harvard International Law Journal. 38, p. 568-586.
SEDENSKY ERIC C. (1991), Winning Pachinko: The Game of Japanese Pinball, Yenbooks, Ebook.
SCHULL NATASHA D. (2012), Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.
TAKIGUCHI N. & ROSENTHAL R. J. (2011), “Problem Gambling in Japan: A Social Perspective”, electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies, 11:1.
TANIOKA I. (1998), Pachinko and Japanese Society: Legan and Socio-Economic Considerations, Osaka, Institute of Amusement Industries, Osaka University of Commerce.
TOBIN J. (Ed.) (2004), Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon, Durham, North Carolina, Duke University Press.
Resources
How to play pachinko (from Pachinko-Play.com): http://www.pachinko- play.com/en/how_to/playp/rent.html
History of Pachinko (from Pachinko Planet): http://pachinkoplanet.com/zencart/index.php?main_page=page&id=2
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Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
