The Poetics of Form and the Politics of Identity in Assassin’s Creed III: Liberation

Authors

  • Soraya Murray University of California Auteur-e

Keywords:

assassin's creed, liberation, representation, gender, race, sexuality, cultural studies, games

Abstract

Assassin’s Creed III: Liberation (Ubisoft, 2012) is a stealth, open-world adventure game about chattel slavery. A third-person historical fiction, Liberation presents a rare example of an exceptional black female revolutionary, and the first heroine of the highly successful franchise. Modeling an intersectional visual/cultural studies approach, I focus on three levels. First, I consider the cultural context into which this character is introduced. Second, I deconstruct the game’s aesthetic origins, unveiling its poetics of form. Third, I analyze the central player- character, Aveline de Grandpré, and the mobilization of her unique Persona System, elucidating the connections between cultural content and game mechanics.

Author Biography

  • Soraya Murray, University of California

    Soraya Murray is an interdisciplinary scholar who focuses on contemporary visual culture, with particular interest in contemporary art, cultural studies and games. Murray holds a Ph.D. in art history and visual studies from Cornell University, and is Assistant Professor in the Film & Digital Media Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Murray’s On Video Games: The Visual Politics of Race, Gender and Space is forthcoming from I.B. Tauris (London) in 2017.

References

ALEXANDER L. (2014), “Sexism, Lies and Video Games: The Culture War Nobody Is Winning”, Time, September 5, http://time.com/3274247/video-game-culture-war/

BIDDLE S. (2015), “The Psychopaths of GamerGate Are All That’s Left, and They’re Terrifying”, Gawker, February 2, http://internet.gawker.com/the-psychopaths-of-gamergate- are-all-thats-left-and-th-1683271908

CENTER FOR GAMES AND PLAYABLE MEDIA (2011), Inventing the Future of Games [IFOG] 2011: Jordan Mechner, UC Santa Cruz Center for Games and Playable Media, https://vimeo.com/24028511

CLINTON C. (2004), Harriet Tubman. The Road to Freedom, New York, NY, Little, Brown & Company.

CONRAD E. (1943), Harriet Tubman, Washington, D.C., Associated Publishers.

CRENSHAW K. (1989), “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics”, The University of Chicago Legal Forum, p. 139-167.

CRENSHAW K. (1991), “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color”, Stanford Law Review, no 43 (July), p. 1241-1299.

EÖRDÖGH F. (2014), “The Anti-Feminist Internet Targets ‘Depression Quest’ Game Creator Zoe Quinn”, Motherboard, August 19, http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/zoe-quinn-slut- shaming-the-feminist-conspiracy-and-depression-quest

EVERETT A., CHAMPLIN A. and J. VANDERHOEF (2014), “Race, Space, and Digital Games: An Interview with Anna Everett”, Media Fields Journal, no 8, p. 1-11.

FRANK J. (2014), “How to Attack a Woman Who Works in Video Gaming”, The Guardian. September 1, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/01/how-to-attack-a-woman- who-works-in-video-games

GONZALES JR. J. (2003), Racial and Ethnic Groups in America [5th edition], Dubuque, IA, Kendall/Hunt Publishing.

GRAVNING J. (2014), “How Major Videogames Are Slowly Readying Us for a Gay Protagonist”, Kill Screen, February 9, http://killscreendaily.com/articles/how-major- videogames-are-slowly-readying-us-gay-protagonist/

HALL S. (1998), “Notes on Deconstructing ‘the Popular’ [1981]”, in Cultural Theory and Popular Culture. A Reader, New York, NY, Pearson/Prentice Hall, p. 442-453.

HALL S. (2015), “The Whites of Their Eyes”, in Gail Dines and Jean McMahon Humez (eds.), Gender, Race, and Class in Media. A Critical Reader, London, SAGE Publications, p. 104-107.

HALL S., JHALLY S. AND MEDIA EDUCATION FOUNDATION (2006), The Origins of Cultural Studies: A Lecture, Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation.

HARRELL D. (2010), “Identity And Online Avatars: A Discussion”, Kotaku, April 24, http://kotaku.com/5523384/identity-and-online-avatars-a-discussion

HARRELL D. (2013), Phantasmal Media. An Approach to Imagination, Computation, and Expression, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press.

HARRELL D. (2015), “Personal Correspondence with the Author”, May 17.

HEIR M. (2014), “Misogyny, Racism, and Homophobia: Where do Video Games Stand?”, presentation at GDC 14, San Francisco, March 19, http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1020420/Misogyny-Racism-and-Homophobia-Where

HOOKS B. (2014), Feminism is for Everybody. Passionate Politics, New York and London, Routledge.

IP C. (2014), “How Do We Know What We Know about #Gamergate?”, Columbia Journalism Review, October 23, http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/gamergate.php

KEIN S. (2000), Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana’s Free People of Color, Baton Rouge, LSU Press.

KLASTRUP L. (2003), “A Poetics of Virtual Worlds”, in Proceedings of Digital Arts and Culture, Melbourne, Melbourne DAC2003, p. 100-109.

LEWIS H. (2015), “Gamergate: A Brief History of a Computer-Age War”, The Guardian, January 11, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/11/gamergate-a-brief-history-of- a-computer-age-war

LIEN T. (2015), “Why Are Women Leaving the Tech Industry in Droves?”, Los Angeles Times, February 22, http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-women-tech-20150222- story.html#page=1

MURRAY D. C. and S. MURRAY (2006), “Uneasy Bedfellows: Canonical Art Theory and the Politics of Identity”, Art Journal, vol. 65, no 1, p. 22-39.

MURRAY J. (2013), “Diverse Game Characters: Write Them Now!”, presented at GDC 2013, San Francisco, March 29, http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1017819/Diverse-Game-Characters- Write-Them

MURRAY J. and S. MURRAY (2015), “Personal correspondence with the author”, May 31.

NAKAMURA L. (forthcoming in 2017), “Racism, Sexism, and Gaming’s Cruel Optimism” in J. Malkowski and T. M. Russworm (eds.), Gaming Representation: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Video Game Studies, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press. Previously published online , https://lnakamur.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/racism-sexism-and-gamings-cruel- optimism.pdf

NARCISSE E. (2012a), “Assassin’s Creed III: Liberation: The Kotaku Review”, Kotaku, October 30, http://kotaku.com/5957502/assassins-creed-iii-liberation-the-kotaku-review

NARCISSE E. (2012b), “I’m Surprised By How ‘Black’ Assassin’s Creed Liberation Feels”, Kotaku, November 1, http://kotaku.com/5957411/im-surprised-by-how-black-assassins-creed- liberation-feels

PARKIN S. (2014), “Zoe Quinn’s Depression Quest”, The New Yorker, September 9, http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/zoe-quinns-depression-quest

PLANTE C. (2014), “An Awful Week to Care about Video Games”, Polygon, August 29, http://www.polygon.com/2014/8/28/6078391/video-games-awful-week

PROCTER J. (2004), Stuart Hall, New York, NY, Routledge.

RYERSON L. (2014), “On ‘Gamers’ and Identity”, First Person Scholar, September 10, http://www.firstpersonscholar.com/on-gamers-and-identity/

SAID E. (1979), Orientalism [1st Vintage Books ed.], New York, NY, Vintage Books.

SARKEESIAN A. (2015), “One Week of Harassment on Twitter”, Feminist Frequency, January 20, http://femfreq.tumblr.com/post/109319269825/one-week-of-harassment-on-twitter

SHAW A. (2015a), Gaming at the Edge. Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture, Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press.

SHAW A. (2015b), “The Tyranny of Realism: Historical Accuracy and Politics of Representation in Assassin’s Creed III”, Loading... The Journal of the Canadian Game Studies Association, vol. 19, no 14, p. 4-24.

SREENIVASAN H. (2014), “#Gamergate Leads to Death Threats against Women”, PBS NewsHour, October 16, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/gamergate-leads-death-threats- women-gaming-industry/

STEWART K. (2014), “Gamergate: The Community Is Eating Itself but There Should Be Room for All”, The Guardian, September 3, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/03/gamergate-corruption-games-anita- sarkeesian-zoe-quinn

WILLIAMS G. (2001), A Dictionary of Sexual Language and Imagery in Shakespearean and Stuart Literature, London, The Althone Press.

WILLIAMS M. (2014), “Assassin’s Creed Unity and Rethinking the Core of Assassin’s Creed”, USgamer.net, October 14, http://www.usgamer.net/articles/assassins-creed-unity-interview- with-alex-amancio

WOOLLEY E. (2014), “Don’t Believe the ‘Conspiracy,’ Gaming Has Bigger Problems than ‘Corruption’”, The Globe and Mail, August 27, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/digital-culture/dont-believe-the-conspiracy- gaming-has-bigger-problems-than-corruption/article20230850/

Downloads

Published

2017-07-01